PUBLICATIONS

Robert M. Williams, Colorado State University

 

1.         º A stereoselective Synthesis of Partially Substituted 1,2,3-Butatriene Derivatives via Hydroboration, Yoshida, T.; Williams, R.M.; Negishi, E-i., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 3688-3690.

2.         º A Stereoselective Synthesis of cis-Alkenylboranes, Negishi, E-i.; Williams, R.M.; Lew, G.; Yoshida, T., J. Organomet. Chem., 1975, 92, C4-C6.

3.         ¦ An Efficient Synthesis of d,l-Gliovictin: Construction of the Hydroxymethyl Moiety via a 3-Formyl-2,5-Piperazinedione, Williams, R.M.; Rastetter, W.H., Tetrahedron Lett., 1979, 1187-1190.

4.         ¦ Synthesis of the Fungal Metabolites (±)-Gliovictin and (±)-Hyalodendrin, Williams, R.M.; Rastetter, W.H., J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 2625-2631.

5.         ¤ Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Erythromycin I, Woodward, R.B.; Logusch, E.; Nambiar, K.P.; Sakan, K.; Ward, D.E.; Au-Yeung, B.W.; Balaram, P.; Browne, L.J.; Card, P.J.; Chen, C.H.; Chenevert, R.B.; Fliri, A.; Frobel, K.; Gais, H.J.; Garratt, D.G.; Hayakawa, K.; Heggie, W.; Hesson, D.P.; Hoppe, D.; Hoppe, I.; Hyatt, J.A.; Ikeda, D.; Jacobi, P.A.; Kim, K.S.; Kobuke, Y.; Kojima, K.; Krowicki, K.; Lee, V.J.; Leubert, T.; Malchenko, S.; Martens, J.; Mathews, R.S.; Ong, B.S.; Press, J.B.; RajanBabu, T.V.; Rousseau, G.; Sauter, H.M.; Suzuki, M.; Tatsuta, K.; Tolbert, L.M.; Truesdale, E.A.; Uchida, I.; Ueda, Y.; Uyehara, T.; Vasella, A.T.; Vladuchick, W.C.; Wade, P.A.; Williams, R.M.; Wong, H.N.-C. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 3210-3213.

6.         ¤ Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Erythromycin II, Woodward, R.B.; Logusch, E.; Nambiar, K.P.; Sakan, K.; Ward, D.E.; Au-Yeung, B.W.; Balaram, P.; Browne, L.J.; Card, P.J.; Chen, C.H.; Chenevert, A.; Fliri, A.; Frobel, K.; Gais, H.J.; Garratt, D.G.; Hayakawa, K.; Heggie, W.; Hesson, D.P.; Hoppe, D.; Hoppe, I.; Hyatt, J.A.; Ikeda, D.; Jacobi, P.A.; Kim, K.S.; Kobuke, Y.; Kojima, K.; Krowicki, K.; Lee, V.J.; Leubert, T.; Malchenko, S.; Martens, J.; Mathews, R.S.; Ong, B.S.; Press, J.B.; RajanBabu, T.V.; Rousseau, G.; Sauter, H.M.; Suzuki, M.; Tatsuta, K.; Tolbert, L.M.; Truesdale, E.A.; Uchida, I.; Ueda, Y.; Uyehara, T.; Vasella, A.T.; Vladuchick, W.C.; Wade, P.A.; Williams, R.M.; Wong, H.N.-C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 3213-3215.

7.         ¤ Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Erythromycin III, Woodward, R.B.; Logusch, E.; Nambiar, K.P.; Sakan, K.; Ward, D.E.; Au-Yeung, B.W.; Balaram, P.; Browne, L.J.; Card, P.J.; Chen, C.H.; Chenevert, R.B.; Fliri, A.; Frobel, K.; Gais, H.J.; Garratt, D.G.; Hayakawa, K.; Heggie, W.; Hesson, D.P.; Hoppe, D.; Hoppe, I.; Hyatt, J.A.; Ikeda, D.; Jacobi, P.A.; Kim, K.S.; Kobuke, Y.; Kojima, K.; Krowicki, K.; Lee, V.J.; Leubert, T.; Malchenko, S.; Martens, J.; Mathews, R.S.; Ong, B.S.; Press, J.B.; RajanBabu, T.V.; Rousseau, G.; Sauter, H.M.; Suzuki, M.; Tatsuta, K.; Tolbert, L.M.; Truesdale, E.A.; Uchida, I.; Ueda, Y.; Uyehara, T.; Vasella, A.T.; Vladuchick, W.C.; Wade, P.A.; Williams, R.M.; Wong, H.N.-C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 3215-3217.

 

º  Syracuse University

¦  MIT

¤  Harvard University

*Colorado State University


1981

8.         *Bicyclomycin Synthetic Studies:  Utilization of Bridgehead Carbanions, Williams, R. M., Tetrahedron Lett., 1981, 22, 2341-2344.

1982

9.         *A New and Efficient Cyclization Reaction to Construct the Bicyclomycin Ring System: Synthesis of N,NÕ-Dimethyl-4-des-methylene Bicyclomycin, Williams, R.M.; Anderson, O.P.; Armstrong, R.; Josey, J.; Meyers, H.; Eriksson, C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 6092-6099.

1983

10.       *C-Glycosidation of Pyridyl Thioglycosides, Williams, R.M.; Stewart, A.O., Tetrahedron Lett., 1983, 24, 2715-2718.

11.       *Regioselective Functionalization of Bicyclic Piperazinedione Bridgehead Carbanions, Williams, R.M.; Dung, J-S.; Josey, J.; Armstrong, R.W.; Meyers, H., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 3214-3220.

12.       *Improved Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of (+)- and (-)-2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxaldehyde, Dung, J-S.; Armstrong, R.W.; Anderson, O.P.; Williams, R.M., J. Org. Chem., 1983, 48, 3592-3594.

1984

13.       *Metal-Mediated Concomitant Silyl Ether Cleavage/Cyclization Reactions to Construct Bicyclic Piperazinediones and a New Polymer-Supported Hg(II) Perchlorate, Dung, J-S.; Armstrong, R.W.; Williams, R.M., J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 3416-3419.

14.       *Alternate Preparation of Methyl-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-a-D-arabino-hexopyranoside and Chiral Intermediates for the Synthesis of Thienamycin, Stewart, A.O.; Williams, R.M., Carbohydrate Res., 1984, 135, 167-173.

15.       *Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (±)- and (+)-Bicyclomycin: New Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions on Electrophilic Glycine Anhydride Derivatives, Williams, R.M.; Armstrong, R.W.; Dung, J-S., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 5748-5750.

1985

16.       *Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Bicyclomycin Analogs, Williams, R.M.; Armstrong, R.W.; Dung, J-S., J. Med. Chem., 1985, 28, 733-740.

17.       *Unusual Bridgehead Hydroxylations via Selenoxides:  Evidence for Bridgehead Carbocations, Williams, R.M.; Dung, J-S., Tetrahedron Lett., 1985, 26, 37-38.

18.       *A Divergent Generalized Synthesis of Unsymmetrically Substituted 2,5-Piperazinediones, Williams, R.M.; Armstrong, R.W.; Maruyama, L.K.; Dung, J-S.; Anderson, O.P., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 3246-3253.

19.       *Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (±)- and (+)-Bicyclomycin, Williams, R.M.; Armstrong, R.W.; Dung, J-S., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 3253-3266.

20.       *C-Glycosidation of Pyridyl Thioglycosides, Stewart, A.O.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 4289-4296.

21.       *Thiolate Additions to Bicyclomycin and Analogues: A Structurally Novel Latent Michael-Acceptor System, Williams, R.M.; Tomizawa, K.; Armstrong, R.W.; Dung, J-S., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 6419-6421.

1986

22.       *Electrophilic Glycinates: New and Versatile Templates for Asymmetric Amino Acid Synthesis, Sinclair, P.J.; Zhai, D.; Reibenspies, J.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 1103-1104.

23.       *Promising Cyclization Reactions to Construct the Ring Systems of Brevianamides A,B, Williams, R.M.; Glinka, T., Tetrahedron Lett., 1986, 27, 3581-3584.

24.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)- and (S)-[2-2H1]-Glycine, Williams, R.M.; Zhai, D.; Sinclair, P.J., J. Org. Chem., 1986, 51, 5021-5022.

25.       *Synthesis of a Bicyclo[4.1.1] b-Lactam: A Novel, Anti-Bredt b-Lactam, Williams, R.M.; Lee, B., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 6431-6433.

1987

26.       *A New Synthetic Approach to 1-Hydroxymethyl-8-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-4-one, Williams, R.M.; Zhai, W.; Ehrlich, P.P.; Hendrix, J., J. Org. Chem., 1987, 52, 2615-2617.

27.       *Mechanism, Biological Relevance and Structural Requirements for Thiolate Additions to Bicyclomycin and Analogues: A Unique Latent Michael Acceptor System, Williams, R.M.; Tomizawa, K.; Armstrong, R.W.; Dung, J-S., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 4028-4035.

28.       *Synthesis of Functionalized Bicyclic Dioxopiperazines via Intramolecular Epoxide Opening, Williams, R.M.; Maruyama, L.K., J. Org. Chem., 1987, 52, 4044-4047.

1988

29.       *Alkynylation of Mixed Haloacetals with Organotin Acetylides, Zhai, D.; Zhai, W.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 2501-2505.

30.       *Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of a-Amino Acids through Carbon-Carbon Bond Constructions on Electrophilic Glycine Templates, Williams, R.M.; Sinclair, P.J.; Zhai, D.; Chen, D., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 1547-1557.

31.       *Bicyclomycin: Synthetic, Mechanistic and Biological Studies, Williams, R.M.; Durham, C.A., Chemical Reviews, 1988, 88, 511-540.

32.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of b-Carboxy Aspartic Acid (Asa), Williams, R.M.; Sinclair, P.J.; Zhai, W., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 482-483.

33.       *Synthesis of Verruculotoxin, Williams, R.M.; Brunner, E.J.; Sabol, M.R., Synthesis, 1988, 963-966.

34.       *Versatile New Approach to the Synthesis of Monosubstituted and Bicyclic Piperazine-2,5-diones: Unusual  in situ Generation and Enolate Addition to a Cumulene, Williams, R.M.; Kwast, A., J. Org. Chem., 1988, 53, 5785-5787.

35.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of a-Amino Acids: Comparison of Enolate vs Cation Functionalization of N-BOC-5,6-Diphenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-1,4-oxazin-2-ones, Williams, R.M.; Im, M-N., Tetrahedron Lett., 1988, 29, 6075-6078.

36.       *Versatile, stereocontrolled, Asymmetric Synthesis of E-Vinylglycine Derivatives, Williams, R.M.; Zhai, W., Tetrahedron, 1988, 44, 5425-5430.

37.       *Facial Selectivity of the Intramolecular SN2Õ Cyclization: Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Brevianamide B, Williams, R.M.; Glinka, T.; Kwast, E., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 5927-5929.

38.       *Synthesis and X-Ray Crystal Structure Determination of 1,3-Bridged b-Lactams: Novel, Anti-Bredt b-Lactams, Williams, R.M.; Lee, B-H.; Miller, M.M.; Anderson, O.P., in Recent Advances in the Chemistry of b-Lactam Antibiotics, Royal Society of Chemistry, London 1988 pp. 106-118.

1989

39.       *Synthesis and X-Ray Crystal Structure Determination of 1,3-Bridged b-Lactams: Novel, Anti-Bredt b-Lactams, Williams, R.M.; Lee, B.H.; Miller, S.; Anderson, O.P., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 1073-1081.

40.       *Carbanion-Mediated Oxidative Deprotection of Non-Enolizable Benzylated Amides, Williams, R.M.; Kwast, E., Tetrahedron Lett., 1989, 30, 451-454.

41.       *Remarkable, Enantio-Divergent Biogenesis of Brevianamide A and B, Williams, R.M.; Kwast, E.; Coffman, H.; Glinka, T., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 3064-3065.

42.       *Synthetic studies on FR900482: Promising Method to Construct the Bicyclic Hydroxylamine Hemi-Ketal Ring System, Yasuda, N.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett., 1989, 30, 3397-3400.

43.       *Synthetic Studies on Paraherquamide: Regioselectivity of Indole Oxidation, Williams, R.M.; Glinka, T.; Kwast, E., Tetrahedron Lett., 1989, 30, 5575-5578.

44.       *Synthesis of Optically Active a-Amino Acids, Williams, R.M., Pergamon Press, 1989, Oxford, (Organic Chemistry Series, Baldwin, J.E., Series Editor). 410 pp.

1990

45.       *Synthesis of Ethynylglycine (FR900130), Williams, R.M.;Aldous, D.J.; Aldous, S.C., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans I Comm., 1990, 171-172.

46.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of Arylglycines, Williams, R.M.; Hendrix, J.A., J. Org. Chem., 1990, 55, 3723-3728.       

47.       *Asymmetric, Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (-)-Brevianamide B, Williams, R.M.; Glinka, T.; Kwast, E.; Coffman, H.; Stille, J.K., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 808-821.

48.       *General Synthesis of b,g-Alkynylglycine Derivatives, Williams, R.M.; Aldous, D.J.; Aldous, S.C., J. Org. Chem., 1990, 55, 4657-4663.

49.       *Synthetic Studies on Aspirochlorine (A30641), Williams, R.M.; Miknis, G.F., Tetrahedron Lett., 1990, 31, 4297-4300.

50.       *Synthetic Studies on Paraherquamide: Synthesis of the 2H-1,5-Benzodioxepin Ring System, Williams, R.M.; Cushing, T.D., Tetrahedron Lett., 1990, 31, 6325-6328.

51.       *Identification of a Novel Structural Class of Positive Modulators of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor, Whose Actions are Mediated Through the Glycine Recognition Site, Monahan, J.B.; Hood, W.F.; Compton, R.P.; Cordi, A.A.; Williams, R.M., Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1990, 189, 373-379.

1991

52.       º Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Conjugated E,E- and E,Z-Dienes, E-Enynes and E-1,2,3-Butatrienes via Alkenylborane Derivatives, Negishi, E.; Yoshida, T.; Abramovitch, A.; Lew, G.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron, 1991, 47, 343-356.

53.       *Synthesis, Conformation, Crystal Structures and DNA Cleavage Abilities of Tetracyclic Analogs of Quinocarcin, Williams, R.M.; Glinka, T.; Gallegos, R.; Ehrlich, P.; Flanagan, M.E.; Coffman, H.; Park, G., Tetrahedron (Symposium-in-Print), 1991, 47, 2629-2642.

54.       *Synthesis of Tri-Substituted Furans: Mild Ti(IV)-Mediated Couplings to Acetals. Construction of the Epoxy Hemi-Amido Ketal of Fusarin C, Williams, R.M.; Esslinger, C.S., Tetrahedron Lett., 1991, 32, 3635-3638.

55.       *Novel Ring Contractions via 2,3-Wittig Rearrangements: Synthesis of (2-Desoxy)-2-Methylene Bicyclomycin, Williams, R.M.; Sabol, M.R.; Kim, H.; Kwast, A., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 6621-6633.

56.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,6-Diamino-6-hydroxymethylpimelic Acid: Assignment of Stereochemistry, Williams, R.M.; Im, M-N.; Cao, J., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 6976-6981.

57.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of 1-Aminocyclopropane Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, Williams, R.M.; Fegley, G.J., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 8796-8806.

58.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of Mono-Substituted and a,a-Disubstituted a-Amino Acids via Diastereoselective Glycine Enolate Alkylations, Williams, R.M.; Im, M-N., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 9276-9286.

59.       *Cannizzaro-Based O2-Dependent Cleavage of DNA by Quinocarcin, Williams, R.M.; Glinka, T.; Flanagan, M.E.; Gallegos, R.; Coffman, H.; Pei, D., Advances in New Drug Development, The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea, Seoul 1991, 38-50.

1992

60.       *Cannizzaro-Based O2-Dependent Cleavage of DNA by Quinocarcin, Williams, R.M.; Glinka, T.; Flanagan, M.E.; Gallegos, R.; Coffman, H.; Pei, D., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 733-740.

61.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of a-Amino Acids, Williams, R.M., Aldrichimica Acta, 1992, 25, 11-25.

62.       *Preparation of 4-Methoxy-4Õ-nitrobiphenyl, Stille, J.K.; Echavarren, A.M.; Williams, R.M.; Hendrix, J.A., Org. Synth., 1992, 71, 97-106.

63.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of Arylglycines, Williams, R.M.; Hendrix, J.A., Chem. Rev., 1992, 92, 889-917.

64.       *DNA Cross-Linking Studies on FR-900482: Observations on the Mode of Activation, Williams, R.M.; Rajski, S.R., Tetrahedron Lett., 1992, 33, 2929-2932.

65.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,6-Diaminopimelic Acids, Williams, R.M.; Yuan, C., J. Org. Chem., 1992, 57, 6519-6527.

66.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of S-(-)-Cucurbitine, Williams, R.M.; Fegley, G.J., Tetrahedron Lett., 1992, 33, 6755-6758.

67.       *Asymmetric [1,3]-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Proline Derivatives, Williams, R.M.; Zhai, W.; Aldous, D.J.; Aldous, S.C., J. Org. Chem., 1992, 57, 6527-6532.

68.       *Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptide Mimics, Williams, R.M., The Development and Utilization of Biologically Active Peptides, Technomic Publishing Co., Lancaster, PA 1992, p. 187-215.

1993

69.       *Total Synthesis of Aspirochlorine, Williams, R.M.; Miknis, G.F., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 536-547.

70.       *Biosynthesis of the Brevianamides: Quest for a Biosynthetic Diels-Alder Cyclization, Sanz-Cervera, J.-F.; Glinka, T.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 347-348.

71.       *Biosynthesis of Brevianamides A and B: In Search of the Biosynthetic Diels-Alder Construction, Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Glinka, T.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron, 1993, 49, 8471-8482.

72.       *Determination of DNA Cross-Linking Sequence Specificity of FR66979: Observations on the Mode of Action of the FR900482 Class of Anti-tumor Compounds, Williams, R.M.; Rajski, S.R., Tetrahedron Lett., 1993, 44, 7023-7026.

73.       *Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (+)-Paraherquamide B, Cushing, T.D.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 9323-9324.

74.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of 1S,2R-(+)-2-Phenyl-1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid, Williams, R.M.; Fegley, G.J., J. Org. Chem., 1993, 58, 6933-6935.

75.       *Stereoselective Synthetic and Mechanistic Chemistry of Bicyclomycin, Williams, R.M., Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Atta-ur-Rahman, Editor, Elsevier Pub., 1993, Amsterdam, Vol. 12.

76.       *Vinyl Glycine Derivatives for Memory and Learning Enhancement or Treatment of a Cognitive Disorder, Cordi, A.A.; Monahan, J.B.; Williams, R.M., U.S. Patent No. 5,208,260, May 4, 1993.

 

 

1994

77.       *O2-Dependent Cleavage of DNA by Tetrazomine, Williams, R.M.; Flanagan, M.E.; Tippie, T., Biochemistry, 1994, 33, 4086-4092.

78.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of g-D(L)-Glutamyl-L-meso-Diaminopimelic Acid Dipeptide, Williams, R.M.; Yuan, C., J. Org. Chem., 1994, 59, 6190-6193.

79.       *A New Method for Hydroxymethylene Peptide Isostere Synthesis: Asymmetric Synthesis of Statine, Williams, R.M.; Colson, P-J.; Zhai, W., Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 9371-9374.

80.       *FR66979 Requires Reductive Activation to Cross-Link DNA Efficiently, Huang, H.; Rajski, S.R.; Williams, R.M.; Hopkins, P.B., Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 9669-9672.

1995

81.       *Netropsin and Spermine Conjugates of a Water-Soluble Quinocarcin Analog: Analysis of Sequence-Specific DNA Interactions, Flanagan, M.E.; Rollins, S.B.; Williams, R.M., Chem. Biol., 1995, 2, 147-156.

82.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of a-Amino Acids, Williams, R.M., Advances in Asymmetric Synthesis, JAI Press 1995, Volume 1 (pp 45-94) A. Hassner, Ed.

83.       *Studies on the Biosynthesis of Taxol: Total Synthesis of Taxa-4(20),11(12)-diene and Taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene. The First Committed Biosynthetic Intermediate, Rubenstein, S.M.; Williams, R.M., J. Org. Chem., 1995, 60, 7215-7223.

84.       *Synthetic Studies on Quinocarcin: Total Synthesis of (+)-Quinocarcinamide via Dipole Cycloaddition of an Azomethine Ylide Generated by Novel NBS Oxidation, Flanagan, M.E.; Williams, R.M., J. Org. Chem., 1995, 60, 6791-6797.

85.       *Amino Acid Synthesis, Williams, R.M., Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. A Comprehensive Desk Reference, VCH, Weinheim, Meyers, R.A., Ed., 1995, Volume 1, pp 28-33.

86.       Development of GM-CSF Antagonist Peptides, VonFeldt, J.M.; Monfardini, C.; Fish, S.; Rosenblum, H.; Kieber-Emmons, T.; Williams, R.M.; Kahn, S.A.; Weiner, D.B.; Williams, W.V., Pept. Res., 1995, 8, 20.

1996

87.       *Amino Acid Synthesis, Williams, R.M., The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology and Molecular Medicine, VCH, Weinheim, R.A. Meyers, Ed., 1996, Volume 1, pp 52-58.

88.       *Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (+)-Paraherquamide B, Cushing, T.D.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 557-579.

89.       *Asymmetric Synthesis of (2S,3S,6S)-, (2S,3S,6R)-, and (2R,3R,6S)-2,3-Methano-2,6-diaminopimelic Acids. Studies Directed to the Design of Novel Substrate-based Inhibitors of L,L-Diaminopimelate Epimerase, Williams, R.M.; Fegley, G.J.; Pruess, D.L.; Schaeffer, F., Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 1149-1164.

90.       *Photochemical Cycloaromatization Reactions of ortho-Dialkynylarenes. A New Class of DNA Photocleaving Agents, Funk, R.L.; Young, E.R.R.; Williams, R.M.; Flanagan, M.A.; Cecil, T.R., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 3291-3292.

91.       *An Efficient Method for the Preparation of Amidinoureas, Williams, R.M.; Yuan, C., Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 1945-1948.

92.       *Studies on the Biosynthesis of Paraherquamide: Origin of the b-Methylproline Ring, Stocking, E.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Williams, R.M.; Unkefer, C.J., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 7008-7009.

Errata: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 9588.

93.       * Studies on the Total Synthesis of Paraherquamide A. Stereocontrolled, Asymmetric Synthesis of a-Alkyl-b-Hydroxyproline Derivatives, Williams, R.M.; Cao, J., Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 5441-5444.

94.       *Cytochrome P-450-Catalyzed Hydroxylation of Taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene to Taxa-4(20),11(12)-diene-5-a-ol: The First Oxygenation Step in Taxol Biosynthesis, Hefner, J.; Rubenstein, S.M.; Ketchum, R.E.B.; Gibson, D.M.; Williams, R.M., Croteau, R. Chem. Biol., 1996, 3, 479-489.

1997

95.       *FR900482, a Close Cousin of Mitomycin C that Exploits Mitosene-Based Cross Linking, Williams, R.M.; Rajski, S.R.; Rollins, S.B., Chem. Biol., 1997, 4, 127-137.

96.       *Biosynthesis of the Brevianamides: A Theoretical Study of the Biosynthetic Diels-Alder Cyclization, Domingo, L.R.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Williams, R.M.; Picher, M.T.; Marco, J.A., J. Org. Chem., 1997, 62, 1662-1667.

97.       *Synthetic Studies on FR900482. Synthesis of a Photo-triggered Pro-Mitosene, Rollins, S.B.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38, 4033-4036.

98.       *An Efficient Synthesis of (S)-meta-Tyrosine, Bender, D.M.; Williams, R.M., J. Org. Chem., 1997, 62, 6690-6691.

99.       *Total Synthesis of the Anti-MRSA Peptide Antibiotics TAN-1057A-D, Yuan, C.C.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 11,777-11,784.

100.     Biologically Active Compounds and Methods of Constructing and Using the Same; Greene, M.I.; Williams, W.V.; Weiner, D.B.; Cohen, J.A.; Kieber-Emmons, T.; Williams, R.M.; U.S. Patent No. 5,637,677, June 11, 1997.

1998

101.     *Biomimetic Diels-Alder Cyclizations for the Construction of the Brevianamide, Paraherquamide and VM55599 Ring Systems, Williams, R.M.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Sancenon, F., Marco, J.A.; Halligan, K.; J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 1090-1091.

102.     *Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of TAN-1057A/B Analogs, Williams, R.M.; Yuan, C.; Lee, V.J.; Chamberland, S., J. Antibiot., 1998, 51, 189-201.

103.     *FR-66979 Covalently Cross-Links the Binding Domain (BD) of the High Mobility Group I/Y(HMG I/Y) Proteins to DNA, Rajski, S.R., Rollins, S.B.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 2192-2193.

104.     *Asymmetric Synthesis of Differentially Protected 2,7-Diaminosuberic Acid, A Ring-Closure Metathesis Approach, Williams, R.M.; Liu, J., J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 2130-2132.

105.     *General Asymmetric Synthesis of Hydroxymethylene and Hydroxyethylene Peptide Isosteres, Williams, R.M.; Aoyagi, Y., Tetrahedron (Symposium-in-Print), 1998, 54, 10419-10433.

106.     *Synthetic Studies on Tetrazomine: Assignment of Stereochemistry of the b-Hydroxypipecolic Acid. Scott, J.D.; Tippie, T.N.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 3659-3662.

107.     *Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)-2-Methylasparagine. Aoyagi, Y.; Williams, R.M., Syn. Lett. 1998, 1099-1101.

108.     *Biomimetic Diels-Alder Cyclizations for the Construction of the Brevianamide, Paraherquamide, Sclerotamide, Asperparaline and VM55599 Ring Systems. Williams, R.M.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Sancen—n, F.; Marco, J.A.; Halligan, K., Bioorg. & Med. Chem. 1998, 6, 1233-1241.

109.     *DNA Interstrand Cross-Link Formation Induced by Bioxalomycin a2. Williams, R.M.; Herberich, B., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 10272-10273.

110.     *Asymmetric Synthesis of 1-BOC-3- and 4-Hydroxypyrrolidines. Aoyagi, Y.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron, 1998, 54, 13045-13058.

111.     *DNA Interstrand Cross-Linking Agents as Antitumor Drugs. Rajski, S.R.; Williams, R.M., Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 2723-2796.

1999

112.     *Asymmetric Syntheses of Unnatural Amino Acids and Hydroxyethylene Peptide Isosteres. Williams, R.M., Humana Press, Peptidomimetics Protocols, Kazmierski, W., Ed., Totowa, 1999, Vol. 23, Chapter 19, pp. 339-356.

113.     *Reverse versus Normal Prenyl Transferases in Paraherquamide Biosynthesis Exhibit Distinct Facial Selectivities. Stocking. E.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Williams, R.M., Angew. Chemie Int. Ed Engl. 1999, 38, 786-789.

114.     *DNA Cross-Linking by a Phototriggered Dehydromonocrotaline Progenitor. Williams, R.M.; Tepe, J., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 2951-2955.

115.     *Synthetic Studies on Asperparaline A. Synthesis of the Spriosuccinimide Ring System. Gonzalez, F.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 4519-4522.

116.     *Reductive Activation of a Hydroxylamine Hemi-acetal Derivative of Dehydromonocrotaline. The First Reductively Activated Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Capable of Cross-linking DNA. Tepe, J.J.; Williams, R.M., Angew. Chemie Int. Ed Engl. 1999, 38, 3501-3503.

2000

117.     *Synthesis of the First Photo-triggered Pro-Mitosene Based on FR-900482. Williams, R.M.; Rollins, S.B.; Judd, T.C., Tetrahedron, 2000, 56, 521-532.

118.     *Total Synthesis of VM55599. Utilization of an Intramolecular Diels-Alder Cycloaddition of Potential Biogenetic Relevance. Stocking, E.M.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1675-1683.

119.     *Synthesis of Stable and Radioisotopomers of Taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene, Taxa-4(20),11(12)-diene and Taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5-a-ol. Early Intermediates in Taxol Biosynthesis. Rubenstein, S. M.; Vazquez, A.; Williams, R.M., J. Labeled Cmpd & Radiopharm. 2000, 43, 481-491.

120.     *Synthesis of a Netropsin Conjugate of a Water-Soluble Epi-quinocarcin Analog: The Importance of Stereochemistry at Nitrogen. Herberich, B.; Scott, J.D.; Williams, R.M., Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2000, 8, 523-532.

121.     *Biosynthesis of Prenylated Alkaloids Derived from Tryptophan. Williams, R.M.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Stocking, E., in Topics in Current Chemistry, Volume on Biosynthesis-Terpenes and Alkaloids, Leeper, F.; Vederas, J.C., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000, 209, 97-173.

122.     *The Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)- and (-)-Spirotryprostatin B. Sebahar, P.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 5666-5667.

123.     *Observations on the Covalent Cross-Linking of the Binding Domain (BD) of the High Mobility Group I/Y (HMG I/Y) Proteins to DNA by FR66979. Rajski, S.R.; Williams, R.M., Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2000, 8, 1331-1342.

124.     *Asymmetric, Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Paraherquamide A. Williams, R.M.; Cao, J.; Tsujishima. H., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2000, 39, 2540-2544.

125.     *A Synthesis of 3Õ,5Õ-Dideoxy-5Õ-Aminouridine. Bender, D.M.; Hennings, D.D.; Williams, R.M., Synthesis 2000, 399-402.

126.     *Synthesis and Evaluation of Microtubule Assembly Inhibition and Cytotoxicity of Prenylated Derivatives of cyclo-L-Trp-L-Pro. Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Stocking, E.M.; Usui, T.; Osada, H.; Williams, R.M., Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2000, 8, 2407-2415.

127.     *Reverse Prenyl Transferases Exhibit Poor Facial Discrimination in the Biosyntheses of Paraherquamide, Brevianamide and Austamide. Stocking. E.M.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 9089-9098.

128.     *Synthesis of (S,S)- and (R,R)- 2-Amino-3-methylaminobutanoic Acid (AMBA). Hennings, D.D.; Williams, R.M., Synthesis 2000, 1310-1314.

129.     *A Synthetic Model for the [4+2] Cycloaddition in the Biosynthesis of the Brevianamides, Paraherquamides, and Related Compounds. Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Williams, R.M.; Marco, J.A.; L—pez-S‡nchez, J.M.; Gonz‡lez, F.; Mart’nez, M.E.; Sancen—n, F., Tetrahedron 2000, 56, 6345-6358.

130.     *New FR900482 Class of Antitumor Drugs Cross-links Oncoprotein HMG I/Y in Vivo. Beckerbauer, L.; Tepe, J.; Cullison J.; Reeves, R.; Williams, R.M., Chem. Biol. 2000, 7, 805-812.

131.     *Synthetic Studies on Tetrazomine: Lipase PS Resolution of Racemic cis-b-Hydroxypipecolic Acid. Scott, J.D.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8413-8416.

132.     *Intramolecular Proton Transfer in the Cyclization of Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate to the Taxadiene Precursor of Taxol Catalyzed by Recombinant Taxadiene Synthase. Williams, D.C.; Caroll, B.J.; Jin, Q.; Rithner, C.D.; Lenger, S.R.; Floss, H.G.; Coates, R.A.; Williams, R.M.; Croteau, R., Chem. Biol. 2000, 7, 969-977.

133.     *Studies on the Biosynthesis of Taxol. Synthesis of Taxa-4(20), 11(12)-dien-2a, 5a-diol. Vazquez, A.; Williams, R.M., J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 7865-7869.

134.     *Lipase TL¨-Mediated Kinetic Resolution of Benzoin: Facile Synthesis of (1R, 2S)-erythro-2-Amino-1,2-diphenylethanol. Aoyagi, Y.; Agata, N.; Shibata, N.; Horiguchi, M.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 10159-10162.

135.     *Antibiotic for Methicillin Resistant Bacteria. Williams, R.M.; Yuan, C., U.S. Patent No. 6,110,925, August 29, 2000.

136.     *Antibiotic for Methicillin Resistant Bacteria. Williams, R.M.; Yuan, C., U.S. Patent No. 6,162,925, December 19, 2000.

2001

137.     *An Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of (2S, 3S)-b-Hydroxyornithine. DeMong, D.E.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 183-185.

138.     *Construction of the A-ring of Cylindrospermopsin via an Intramolecular Oxazinone-N-oxide Dipolar Cycloaddition. Looper, R.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 769-771.

139.     *Sequential Staudinger/Pictet-Spengler Cyclization Reactions for the Construction of Densely Functionalized Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Herberich, B.; Vazquez, A.; Kinugawa, M.; Jin, W.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 543-546.

140.     *Studies on the Biosynthesis of Paraherquamide. Synthesis and Incorporation of a Hexacyclic Indole Derivative as an Advanced Metabolite. Stocking, E.M.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Williams, R.M., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2001, 40, 1296-1298.

141.     *Studies on the Biosynthesis of Paraherquamide: Concerning the Mechanism of Oxidative Cyclization of L-Isoleucine to b-Methylproline. Stocking, E.M.; Martinez, R.A.; Silks, L.A.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 3391-3392.

142.     *Molecular Cloning of a Cytochrome P450 Taxane 10-beta-Hydroxylase cDNA from Taxus and Functional Expression in Yeast. Schoendorf, A.; C. Rithner, C.; Williams R.M.; Croteau, R., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98, 1501-1506.

143.     *Total Synthesis of (-)-Tetrazomine and Determination of Its Stereochemistry. Scott, J.D.; Williams, R.M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2001, 40, 1463-1465.

144.     *Entry into the Bi-aryl Moiety of the TMC-95 Proteosome Inhibitors via the Stille Protocol. Albrecht, B.K.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 2755-2757.

145.     *Stereocontrolled Asymmetric Synthesis of a-Hydroxy-b-Amino Acids. A Stereodivergent Approach. Aoyagi, Y.; Jain, R.P.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 3472-3477.

146.     *Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)-(+)-Carnitine and Analogs. Jain, R.P.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron (Symposium-in-Print), 2001, 57, 6505-6509.

147.     *The Asymmetric Synthesis of (2S,3R)-Capreomycidine. DeMong, D.E.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 3529-3532.

148.     *Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)-(-)-Carnitine. Jain, R.P.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 4437-4440.

149.     *Studies on the Biosynthesis of Paraherquamide: Construction of the Amino Acid Framework. Stocking, E.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Unkefer, C.J.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron. 2001, 57, 5303-5320.

150.     *DNA Cross-linking by a Phototriggered Pyrrolic Progenitor Developed from Monocrotaline. Kosogof, C.; Tepe, J.J.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 6641-6643.

151.     *Taxol Biosynthesis: Differential Transformations of Taxadien-5a-ol and Its Acetate Ester by Cytochrome P 450 Hydroxylases from Taxus Suspension Cells. Wheeler, A.L.; Long, R.M.; Ketchum, R.E.B.; Rithner, C.; Williams R.M.; Croteau, R., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 2001, 390, 265-278.

152.     *Asymmetric Synthesis of [2,3-13C2, 15N]-4-Benzyloxy-5,6-diphenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-oxazine-2-one via Lipase TL¨-Mediated Kinetic Resolution of Benzoin: General Procedure for the Synthesis of [2,3-13C2, 15N]-L-Alanine. Aoyagi, Y.; Iijima, A.; Williams, R.M., J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 8010-8014.

153.     *Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Hypusine. Jain, R.P.; Albrecht, B.K.; DeMong, D.E.; Williams, R.M., Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 4287-4289.

154.     *Taxol Biosynthesis: Taxane 13a-Hydroxylase is a Cytochrome P450-Dependent Monooxygenase. Jennewein, S.; Rithner, C.D.; Williams, R.M.; Croteau, R., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98, 13595-13600.

2002

155.     *Differential Effects of FR900482 and FK317 on Apoptosis, IL-2 Gene Expression and Induction of Vascular Leak Syndrome. Beckerbauer, L.; Tepe, J.J.; Eastman, R.A.; Mixter, P.; Williams, R.M.; Reeves, R., Chem. Biol. 2002, 8, 427-441.

156.     *Asymmetric Total Synthesis of VM55599: Establishment of the Absolute Stereochemistry and Biogenetic Implications. Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2556-2559.

157.     *Total Synthesis of (-)-Tetrazomine. Determination of the Stereochemistry of Tetrazomine and the Synthesis and Biological Activity of Tetrazomine Analogs. Williams, R.M.; Scott, J.D., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2951-2956.

158.     *Synthetic Studies Towards Paraherquamide F: Synthesis of the 1,7-Dihydropyrano[2,3-g]indole Ring System. Cox, R.J.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 2149-2152.

159.     *The First Asymmetric Synthesis of (2S)- and (2R)-Amino-3,3-Dimethoxypropanoic Acid. DeMong, D.E.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 2355-2357.

160.     *DNA Interstrand Cross-link Formation by Reductive Activation of Dehydropyrrolizidine Progenitors. Tepe, J.J.; Kosogof, C.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 3553-3559.

161.     *Chemistry and Biology of the Tetrahydroisoquinoline Antitumor Antibiotics. Scott, J.D.; Williams, R.M., Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 1669-1730.

162.     *The Synthesis and Biosynthesis of the Paraherquamides: An Intriguing Story of the Biological Diels-Alder Construction. Williams, R.M., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2002, 50, 711-740 (invited review).

163.     *Asymmetric, Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (+)- and (-)-Spirotryprostatin B via a Diastereoselective Azomethine Ylid [1,3]-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction. Sebahar, P.R.; Osada, H.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Symposium-in-Print, 2002, 58, 6311-6322.

164.     *Studies on Taxol Biosynthesis. Preparation of Taxa-4(20), 11(12)-dien-5a-acetoxy-10b-ol by Deoxygenation of a Taxadiene Tetra-acetate Obtained from Japanese Yew. Horiguchi, T.; Rithner, C.D.; Croteau, R.; Williams, R.M., J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4901-4903.

165.     *Asymmetric Synthesis of Spirooxindole and 3,4 Dehydro-Proline Derivatives via Asymmetric Azomethine Ylide [1,3]-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions. Sebahar, P.; Williams, R.M., Heterocycles 2002, 58, 563-575.

166.     *Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Negamycin. Jain, R.P.; Williams, R.M., J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 6361-6365.

167.     *DNA Cross-link Formation by a Phototriggered Mitosene Progenitor. Judd, T.; Williams, R.M., Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 3711-3714.

168.     *Concise Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)-FR66979 and (+)-FR900482: DMDO-Mediated Construction of the Hydroxylamine Hemi-ketal. Judd, T.; Williams, R.M., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2002, 41, 4683-4685.

2003

169.     *Studies on Taxol Biosynthesis. Preparation of 2a, 10b-dihydroxy Taxadien-5a-yl Acetate Derivatives by Deoxygenation of a Taxadiene Tetra-acetate Obtained from Japanese Yew. Horiguchi, T.; Rithner, C.D.; Croteau, R.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 267-273.

170.     *A Concise Formal Total Synthesis of TMC-95A/B Proteasome Inhibitors. Albrecht, B.; Williams, R.M., Org. Lett. 2003, 5, 197-200.

171.     *The Paraherquamides, Brevianamides and Asperparaline: Laboratory Synthesis and Biosynthesis. An Interim Report. Cox, R.J.; Williams, R.M., Acc. Chem. Res. 2003, 36, 127-139.

172.     *Asymmetric Synthesis of N-tert-Butoxycarbonyl a-Amino Acids.  Synthesis of (5S, 6R)- and (5R, 6S)-4-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-2,3-Diphenylmorpholin-6-one. Williams, R.M.; Sinclair, P.J.; DeMong, D.; Chen, D.; Zhai, D., Org. Synth. 2003, 80, 18-30.

173.     *Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of N-tert-Butoxycarbonyl a-Amino Acids Using (tert-Butoxy)Carbonyl-2,3-Diphenylmorpholin-6-one. Preparation of (R)-Allylglycine. Williams, R.M.; Sinclair, P.J.; DeMong, D.E., Org. Synth. 2003, 80, 31-37.

174.     *Synthetic Studies on Ecteinascidin-743: Constructing a Versatile Pentacyclic Intermediate for the Synthesis of Ecteinascidins & Saframycins. Jin, W.; Metobo, S.; Williams, R.M., Org. Lett. 2003, 5, 2095-2098.

175.     *Synthetic Studies on Ecteinascidin 743: Asymmetric Synthesis of the Versatile Amino Acid Component. Jin, W.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44, 4635-4639.

176.     *Studies on the Biosynthesis of Paraherquamide A and VM99955. A Theoretical Study for the Intramolecular Diels-Alder Cycloaddition. Domingo, L.R.; Zaragoz‡, R.J.; Williams, R.M., J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 2895-2902.

177.     Taxoid Metabolism: Taxoid 14b-Hydroxylase is a Cytochrome P450-Dependent Monooxygenase. Jennewein, S.; Rithner, C.D.; Williams, R.M.; Croteau, R., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 2003, 413, 262-270.

178.     *Chemistry and Biology of Biosynthetic Diels-Alder Reactions. Stocking, E., Williams, R.M., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2003, 42, 3078-3115.

179.     *Asymmetric Synthesis of (2S, 3R)-Capreomycidine and the Total Synthesis of Capreomycin IB. DeMong, D.E.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 8561-8565.

180.     *Taxus Metabolomics: Methyl Jasmonate Preferentially Induces Production of Taxoids Oxygenated at C-13 in Taxus x media Cell Cultures. Ketchum, R.E.B.; Rithner, C.D.; Qiu, D.; You Sun Kim, Y.S.; Williams, R.M.; Croteau R.B., Phytochem. 2003, 62, 901-909.

181.     *Lipase TL¨-Mediated Kinetic Resolution of 5-Benzyloxy-1-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-pentanol in Low Temperature: Concise Asymmetric Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Piperazic Acid Derivative. Aoyagi, Y.; Saitoh, Y.; Ueno, T.; Horiguchi, M.; Takeya, K.; Williams, R.M., J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 6899-6904.

182.     *Concise Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Spirotryprostatin A. Onishi, T.; Sebahar, P.R.; Williams, R.M., Org. Lett. 2003, 5, 3135-3137.

183.     *Asymmetric, Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Paraherquamide A. Williams, R.M.; Cao, J.; Tsujishima, H., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 12172-12178.

184.     *Interstrand Cross-linking of DNA by FK-317 and Its Deacetylated Metabolites FR70496 and FR157471. Ducept, P.; Williams, R.M., Biochemistry 2003, 42, 14696-14701.

185.     *Studies on the Biosynthesis of Asperparaline A. Origin of the Spiro-succinimide Moiety. Gray, C.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 14692-14693.

2004

186.     *Cytochrome P450 Taxadiene 5a-Hydroxylase, a Mechanistically Unusual Monooxygenase Catalyzing the First Oxygenation Step of Taxol Biosynthesis. Jennewein, S.; Long, R.M.; Williams, R.M.; Croteau, R., Chem. Biol. 2004, 11, 379-387.

187.     *A Concise Total Synthesis of (+)-FR900482 and (+)-FR66979. Judd, T.C.; Williams, R.M., J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 2825-2830.

188.     *Total Synthesis of the TMC-95A/B Proteasome Inhibitors. Albrecht, B.; Williams, R.M. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101, 11949-11954.

189.     *Concise Synthesis of the Core Bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane Ring Common to Asperparaline, Paraherquamide and Stephacidin Alkaloids. Adams, L.A.; Gray, C.R.; Williams, R.M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45, 4489-4493.

190.     *Concise, Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Spirotryprostatin A. Onishi, T.; Sebahar, P.R.; Williams, R.M. Tetrahedron 2004, 60, 9503-9515.

191.     *A Concise Asymmetric Synthesis of the Marine Hepatotoxin 7-Epi-cylindrospermopsin. Looper, R.E.; Williams, R.M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2004, 43, 2930-2933.

192.     *A Concise Asymmetric Synthesis of the ADE Fragment of Nakadomarin A. Ahrendt, K.A.; Williams, R.M. Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 4539-4541.

2005

193.     *An Improved Synthesis of Optically Pure 4-Boc-5,6-Diphenylmorpholin-2-one and 4-Cbz-5,6-Diphenylmorpholin-2-one. Dastlik, K.A.; Sundermeier, U.; Johns, D.M.; Chen, Y.; Williams, R.M. Syn. Lett. 2005, 693-696.

194.     *Synthesis of the Putative Structure of 7-Deoxycylindrospermopsin: C7-Oxygenation is not Required for the Inhibition of Protein Synthesis. Looper, R.E.; Runnegar, M.T.C.; Williams, R.M., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.  2005, 44, 3879-3881.

195.     *Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Jorumycin, Renieramycin G, 3-epi-Jorumycin and 3-epi-Renieramycin G. Lane, J.W.; Chen, Y.; Williams, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 12684-12690.

196.     Remarkable Diastereomeric Rearrangement of an a-Acyloxy b-ketosulifide to an a-Acyloxy Thioester: A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of Optically Active (2S,3S) b-Amino a-Hydroxy Acids. Suzuki, T.; Honda, Y.; Izawa, K.; Williams, R.M. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 7317-7323.

197.     *Improved Synthesis by Mitsunobu Cyclization of the Core Benzazocine Ring Precursor to FR900482 and the Mitomycins. Williams, R.M.; Ducept, P; Gubler, D.A., Heterocycles, invited paper 2006, 0000 (In Press).

198.     *Concise Syntheses of the 1,7-dihydropyrano[2,3-g]indole Ring System of the Stephacidins, Paraherquamides and Norgeamides. Artman, G. D.; Grubbs, A.W.; Williams, R.M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 0000 (In Press).

199.     *Concise Synthesis of Brevianamide B via a Biomimetically-inspired IMDA Construction. Adams, L.A.; Neissel, M.W.; Williams, R.M. Tetrahedron Symposium-in-Print. 2006, 0000 (In Press).

200.     *Studies on Taxol Biosynthesis. Preparation and Tritium Labeling of Biosynthetic Intermediates by Deoxygenation of a Taxadiene Tetra-acetate Obtained from Japanese Yew. Tohru Horiguchi, T.; Rithner, C.D.; Croteau, R.; Williams, R.M., Labeled Cmpd. & Radiopharm. (in preparation).

201.     *Diphenyloxazinones, Versatile Templates for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Amino Acids and Peptide Isosteres. Jain, R.P.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron Reports (in preparation).

202.     *Synthetic Studies on Quinine. Novel Intramolecular SN2« Strategy to Access the Quinuclidine Core. Synthesis of 7-Hydroxy Quinine. Mori, M.; Johns, D.M.; Williams, R.M. Org. Lett. (in preparation).

203.     *Versatile Synthesis of C-20-epi-Stephacidin A Analogs. Neissel, M.W.; Newkirk, T.; Williams, R.M. (in preparation).

204.     *Synthesis of the Cylindrospermopsin Alkaloids. Looper, R.E.; Runnegar, M.T.C.; Williams, R.M., Tetrahedron (submitted).

 

Books and Monographs:

(1) Synthesis of Optically Active a-Amino Acids, Robert M. Williams, Pergamon Press, 1989, Oxford, (The Organic Chemistry Series, J.E. Baldwin, Series Editor). 410 pp.

(2) Organic & Biological Chemistry (undergraduate textbook, under contract).

(3) Biosynthesis of Primary and Secondary Metabolites (submitted).

(4) Synthesis of Optically Active a-Amino Acids, 2nd Edition Robert M. Williams, Pergamon Press, Oxford, (Organic Chemistry Series, J.E. Baldwin and Robert M. Williams Series Editors).

 

Chapters:

1.         Biosynthesis of Prenylated Alkaloids Derived from Tryptophan. Williams, R.M.; Sanz-Cervera, J.F.; Stocking, E., in Topics in Current Chemistry, Volume on Biosynthesis-Terpenes and Alkaloids, Leeper, F.; Vederas, J.C., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000, 209, 97-173.

2.         Asymmetric Syntheses of Unnatural Amino Acids and Hydroxyethylene Peptide Isosteres, Williams, R.M., Humana Press, Peptidomimetics Protocols, Kazmierski, W., Ed., Totowa, 1999, Chapter 19, pp. 339-356.

3.         Amino Acid Synthesis, Williams, R.M., The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology and Molecular Medicine, VCH, Weinheim, Meyers, R.A., Ed., Volume 1, pp 52-58, 1996.

4.         Asymmetric Synthesis of a-Amino Acids, Williams, R.M., Advances in Asymmetric Synthesis, JAI Press Volume 1 (pp 45-94) A. Hassner, Ed., 1995.

5.         Amino Acid Synthesis, Williams, R.M., Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. A Comprehensive Desk Reference, VCH, Weinheim, Meyers, R.A., Ed., Volume 1, pp 28-33, 1995.

6.         Stereoselective Synthetic and Mechanistic Chemistry of Bicyclomycin, Williams, R.M., Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Atta-ur-Rahman, Editor, Elsevier Pub., Amsterdam, Vol. 12 ,1993.

7.         Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptide Mimics, Williams, R.M., The Development and Utilization of Biologically Active Peptides, Technomic Publishing Co., Lancaster, PA, 1992, p. 187-215.

8.         Cannizzaro-Based O2-Dependent Cleavage of DNA by Quinocarcin, Williams, R.M.; Glinka, T.; Flanagan, M.E.; Gallegos, R.; Coffman, H.; Pei, D. Advances in New Drug Development, 1991, p.38-51, The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea, Seoul.

9.         Synthesis and X-Ray Crystal Structure Determination of 1,3-Bridged b-Lactams: Novel, Anti-Bredt b-Lactams. in Recent Advances in the Chemistry of b-Lactam Antibiotics, Williams, R.M.; Lee, B-H.; Miller, M.M.; Anderson, O.P. Royal Society of Chemistry, London 1988 p. 106.

 

Patents

(1) Vinyl Glycine Derivatives for Memory and Learning Enhancement or Treatment of a Cognitive Disorder, A.A. Cordi, J.B. Monahan and R.M. Williams; U.S. Patent # 5,208,260, May 4, 1993.

(2) Biologically Active Compounds and Methods of Constructing and Using the Same; Greene, Mark I.; Williams, William V.; Weiner, David B.; Cohen, Jeffrey A.; Kieber-Emmons, Thomas; Williams, Robert M.; U.S. Patent # 5,637,677, June 11, 1997.

(3) Antibiotic for Methicillin Resistant Bacteria. R.M. Williams and C. Yuan ; U.S. Patent # 6,110,925, August 29, 2000.

(4) Antibiotic for Methicillin Resistant Bacteria. R.M. Williams and C. Yuan ; U.S. Patent # 6,162,925, December 19, 2000.

 

News Coverage of Published Work:

 

1. ÒNew Routes to Antitumor AntibioticsÓ, Chemical & Engineering News, December 16, 2002 (Highlights of Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2002, 41, 4683-4685).

2. "Key Step in Taxol Biosynthesis Revealed", Chemical & Engineering News, December 11, 2000, Stu Borman (Highlights of Chem. Biol. 2000, 7, 969-977).

3. "Researchers Probe Steps of Taxol Biosynthesis" Chemical & Engineering News, July 1, 1996, Stu Borman, (Highlights of Chem. Biol., 1996, 3, 479-489).